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高中英语语法知识点总结5篇

文章来源:网友投稿 时间:2023-10-18 11:40:07

高中英语语法知识点总结1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如下面是小编为大家整理的高中英语语法知识点总结5篇,供大家参考。

高中英语语法知识点总结5篇

高中英语语法知识点总结篇1

1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:

1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。

专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。

如:Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)

专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城)

姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。

2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如:pupil, family, man, foot.

普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。

▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如: box, child, orange;

▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information .

2、英语可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下:

①在单数名词词尾加s。如:map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.

②s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如:class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.

[注]:少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如:photo→photos, piano→pianos.

③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如:family→families, city→cities, party→parties.

④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如:shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.

2、不规则变化:man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese

不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.

3、名词所有格:

1、 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下:

(1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如:Childern’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)

(2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如:Teachers’ Day(教师节)

(3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 如:

today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息),

China’s population(中国的人口).

(4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如:

a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).

2、[注解]:

① ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)

② 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室)

③ “of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词”,称为双重所有格,如:a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)

4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题:

1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式:如:The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)

2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,

① 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)

② 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如:Class Three have a map of China.(三

班有张中国地图)

3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)

4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数:The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴奋)

5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如:

The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)

6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如:A lot of students are playing baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)

7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如:The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)

8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如:There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)

9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如:Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)

10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如:A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)

11、either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如:Either you or he is right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)

12、表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如:Two months is not a short time.(两个月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)

13、主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如:Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句)

但是,population一词又有特殊情况: What’s the population of China?(中国人口是多少?)(句子用单数) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数)

高中英语语法知识点总结篇2

1.同位语从句:同位语从句在句中作A同位语,对被修饰名词的内容予以解释说明。同位语的特点是:抽象名词在前,表达具体内容的`从句在后。

常见的名词包括: assumption假定/belief看法/ conclusion结论/ doubt怀疑等。 例句:The suggestion that we should develop the natural resources in the region has been discussed. 关于我们应该开发本地区资源的建议已经讨论过了。

2.现在完成时:表示过去延续到现在的动作或状态。具体来说,这种用法是表示开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在,而且还可能继续持续下去。谓语动词一般为延续性动词。

例句:An old woman walked out into the middle of the street. The policeman yelled to her, “Don’t you know what it means when I hold up my hand?” The lady said, “Sure I do. I have been a schoolteacher for 28 years now.” 一个老妇人走到了马路中央,这时,一位交警朝着她嚷道:“我都把手举起来了,你难道还不知道什么意思吗?”老太太说:“我当然知道,我都做了28 年的老师了。”

3. 时间状从:not…until… 用法。例句:The students didn’t stop talking until the teacher came in.

4. it做形式主语,句子做逻辑主语:如果主语太长,常用代词 it 作形式主语,将真正的主语从句置于句尾,以保持句式的平衡。

例句:It makes no difference what you read or study if you can’t remember it. 如果你记不住,那么你读什么或者学什么都不重要了。

5. 现在分词短语作状语:

(1)现在分词作时间状语。例句:There are several things to consider when buying fresh foods. 当购买新鲜食品时,有几个事情要考虑。

(2)现在分词作条件状语。例句:Working hard, you will succeed. 如果努力工作,你将会成功。

(3)现在分词作伴随状语。例句:All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着,思考着那个问题。

(4)现在分词作方式状语。例句:Please answer the question using another way. 请用另一种方法回答问题。

(5)现在分词作原因状语。例句:Not knowing her address, I can’t write to her.由于不知道她的地址,我没法给她写信。

(6)现在分词作结果状语。

例句:Possessing a car gives a much greater degree of mobility, enabling the driver to move around freely. 拥有汽车使机动程度更高,使司机能自由自在地往来各地。

(7)现在分词作让步状语。

例句:Although working from morning till night his father didn’t get enough food.虽然他父亲从早到晚拼命干,但是还是挣不够吃的。

高中英语语法知识点总结篇3

1. He made people laugh at a time when they felt depressed, so they could feel more content with their lives.

在人们感到沮丧的时候,卓别林使他们开怀大笑,于是人们对自己的生活感到比较满足。

2 No one was ever bored watching him—his subtle acting made everything entertaining.

看他的表演没有人会感到无聊——他巧妙的表演使得一切都那么滑稽可笑。

3 Instead they are hiding in a small hut on the edge of a mountian during a snowstorm with nothing to eat.相反,他们被暴风雪困在山边的一个小木屋中,没有任何东西可吃。

(with的复合结构作伴随状语)

高中英语语法知识点总结篇4

1. advance的用法

构词:advanced adj. 高等的先进的,高深的

搭配:

① in advance 在前头,预先,事先

② in advance of 在……前面;比……进步;超过

③ on the advance (物价)在上涨

【考例】It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the ____ maths.

A. improved B. developed C. advanced D. increased

[考查目标] 本题考查形容词advanced与近义词的区别。

[答案与解析]C “高等数学”的英译是advanced maths,advanced意思是“先进的。高级的”。

2. before 的特殊用法

(1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我还没来得及拦住他,他就跑出了屋子。

(2) Three weeks went by before We knew it. 三周过去了,我们才意识到。(或:时间不知不觉已过三周了。)

(3) It wasnt / didnt take long before he returned.他没过多久就回来了。

It wont be long before we graduate. 不要过多久我们就要毕业了。

3. chance的用法

搭配:

① by any chance 万一,碰巧,或许

② by chance 偶然,意外地

③ take a / ones chance 冒一冒险,碰碰运气,利用一下机会

【考例6】 (20xx南京模拟)Most of the ___are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture.

A. work B. luck C. chances D. services

[考查目标] chance的词义。

[答案与解析] C chance在本句的词义是“机会”。

4. consider v.

(1) 考虑

A) consider + n. / doing

I consider going abroad.

B) consider + 疑问词 + to do

You have to consider what to do next.

(2) 认为

A) consider + n. (+as / to be) + n. / adj.

I consider Mary as / to be my best friend.

They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country.

B) consider + n. + to have done

I consider him to have acted disgracefully.

除了consider…as…表认为外,还有regard…as

…,look on…as…,take…as…,think of…as…

5. cost的用法

构词:costly adj. 昂贵的,贵重的

搭配:

① cost sb. sth. 花费某人(多少钱);让某人付出(代价)/牺牲……

② at all costs 不惜任何代价.无论如何

③ at any cost 不惜任何代价,无论如何

④ at cost (price) 按成本价格,按原价

⑤ at the cost of 以……为代价,用……换来的;丧失;牺牲

【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would ____ them.

A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste

[考查目标] 本题考查cost和它的几个近义词的区别。

[答案与解析] C cost的意思是“耗费”,主语是指物的

名词.而pay和spend等的主语是指人的名词。

6. effect n. 效果;作用

have an effect on sth.

His words had a great pushing effect on his students.

(1) be of no effect 无效

(2) come into effect 开始生效;开始实行

[比较] affect vt. 影响 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.

7. experience的用法

构词: experienced adj. 有经验的,熟练的

搭配:

① by experience 凭经验;从经验中

② from experience 凭经验;从经验中

③ gain experience in… 获得……经验

④ be experienced in… 某方面有经验

友情提示: experience这个词作为可数名词用时,解释为“经历”,作为不可数名词用时解释为“经验”。

【考例】 (20xx山西模拟) ____teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed.

A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D. Parents

[考查目标] experience的意思。

[答案与解析] C experience常为不可数名词,意思是“经验”。

8. fear n. & vt.

(1) n. 恐惧 (多作不可数名词)

His face was growing pale with fear.

忧虑;担心的事(可数)

There is no reason for your fears.

for fear of 由于怕……,以防

He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train.

for fear (that) 惟恐;怕的是;以防

She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.

in fear of 害怕;担心

The thief was in fear of the police.

(2) v. 恐惧;害怕,接 n. / pron.

Cats fear big dogs.

恐惧;害怕,接to do

Dont fear to tell the truth.

恐怕;担心,接从句

She feared that she might not find him in his room.

构词:fearful adj. 可怕的,严重的;惧怕的,胆怯的;担心的,忧虑的 fearless adj. 不怕的,大胆的,勇敢的,无畏的

搭配:

① be in fear (of) (为……而)提心吊胆

② for fear of 因为怕;以免,怕的是

③ for fear that-clause 生怕;为了防止(某事发生)

④ have a fear that-clause 担心/怕(发生某事)

⑤ with fear 吓得,怕得

⑥ fear (vi.) for... 担心/忧虑……

【考例】(20xx江苏)He got to the station early, ____ missing his train.

A. in case of B. instead of

C. for fear of D. in search

[考查目标] fear构成的短语的用法和意思。

[答案与解析]C for fear of 常在句中作状语,意思是 “怕的是……。担心……”。

9. fun n. 高兴;乐趣;有趣的人或事

(1) for fun 为了高兴;为着好玩

I only did it for fun.

(2) make fun of 开……的玩笑;取笑

It is wrong to make fun of a cripple.

[比较]

(1) laugh at 笑(某人);嘲笑

Its unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.

(2) play a joke on 开(某人的)玩笑

10. means n. 手段;办法

(1) by means of 用……;依靠……

The water may be carried by means of a pipe.

(2) by all means 一定;务必;(表示同意)当然可以,没问题:务必,无论如何,千方百计地

Try by all / every means to persuade him to come.

(3) by no means 完全不是;一点也不;决不

This is by no means the first time you have been late.

还有: by this means 用这种方法; by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段

【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by ____ of evening job.

A. ways B. offers C. means D.helps

[考查目标] by means of 短语的意思。

[答案与解析] C by means of 的意思是“通过某种手段”。

11. normal adj. 正常的;正规的

the normal temperature, normal behavior

(1) regular 规则的;有规律的

keep regular hours 生活有规律;按时作息

(2) common普通的;常见的

Tom is a common name in Britain. 共有的;共同的

have a common interest 有着共同爱好

(3) usual 惯常的;惯例的

Its usual with him to go to the office on foot.

(4) ordinary 平凡的;普通的 in ordinary dress

12. once的用法

搭配:

① all at once 突然;同时

② at once 立刻,马上;同时

③ (every) once in a while 偶尔,有时,间或

④ for this once (= for once,just for once) 就这一次; 破例一回

⑤ more than once 不止一次,多次

⑥ not once 一次也不

⑦ once again / more再一次

⑧once and again一再,再三

⑨ once or twice 一两次;有时,偶尔

⑩ once too often又(多了)一次

once upon a time从前

【考例】(20xx上海) ____ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it.

A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless

[考查目标] 连词once的用法和词义。

[答案与解析] B once在作连词使用时意思是“一旦”。

13. prefer v. 宁愿;更喜欢

(1) prefer + n. / pron.

The boy preferred a detective story.

(2) prefer + v. -ing

Do you prefer living abroad?

(3) prefer + to do

She prefers to live among the working people.

(4) prefer sb. to do sth.

She preferred him to stay at home.

(5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / doing 喜欢……而不喜欢 I prefer the town to the country. / While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing.

(6) prefer to do...rather than do = would rather do ... than do... 宁愿……而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.

(7) prefer + 从句(谓语动词用should do,should可省略) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen.

14. protect的用法

构词:protection n. 保护(者/物),防御

搭配:protect sb from / against 防止……遭受……;使……免于,保护……使不受

【考例】 (MET 1992) Clarke was greatly admired at the club for the successful ____.

A. self-satisfaction B. self-protection

C. self-respect D. self-service

[考查目标] protect及其派生词的词义。

[答案与解析]B self-protection是名词,意思是“自我保护”。

15. separate的用法

构词:separation n. [U]分开,分离

搭配:

① separate A from B 把A和B分开

② A is separated from B by… A和B为……所分开/阻隔

③ separate sth (up) into… 把……分成(几分)

辨析:separate; divide; part 都含“分开”的意思。

separate 指“把原来在一起的人或物分开”。例如: Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开,好吗?

divide 指“施加外力或自然地把某人或某物由整体分成若干部分”。

part指“把密切相关的人或物分开”,还有“分手”之意。

【考例】(NMET 20xx)As we joined the big crowd I got ____ from my friends.

A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed

[考查目标] 动词separate的词义。

[答案与解析] A separated和get搭配有被动意义,表示“被隔开;被分隔”。

高中英语语法知识点总结篇5

回顾过去一年的工作,我们在年级和教研组的统一领导下,明确备课组的任务,统筹计划,协调安排,正常有序地开展了各项英语教学、教研活动,有效地提高了全年级学生的英语水平。现将本学年的主要工作归纳如下。

1.认真开展好集体备课活动。集体备课做到定时间、定地点、定内容、定主讲人。主讲教师提前钻研教材,吃透重难点,并能提出重难点突破方法,其他组员质疑、补充、完善,做到集思广益。通过集体备课,教师明确近期和远期任务,任务具体到人,具体到单元检测、语法专项、月考试卷、模拟试卷等,有效地保证了高二英语教学有计划、有措施、有落实。

2.积极参与学校英语教研组的各项教研活动。高二英语备课组能遵照英语教研室的工作安排,积极踊跃地参与研讨活动,能落实教研室布置的各项任务。每次研讨前先在备课组内认真切磋交流,然后由专人汇总成备课组集体意见,在教研活动时发表意见和建议,省时高效。

3.主动配合教务处、教科室工作,抓好教学常规和教学科研,促进教师水平的提高。高二教学尽管任务繁重,我们仍能主动接受教务处教科室的各项检查验收,积极参与市、校教师基本功比赛,优秀论文评比,课题研究。

4.组内教师虚心学习,借鉴吸收,取长补短,不断完善。组内形成了较为浓厚的研讨学习氛围。

5.研究新课标,研究考纲,瞄准高考,精选精编试卷,抓重点,攻难关。不论是新授课还是复习课我们都能稳步推进,步步为营,有的放矢。组内成员多次单独研读,集体研讨《英语课程标准》、《考试说明》,并充分利用好网上教学资源,结合省内外的高考信息,在复习阶段认真筛选、组合语法专练、单元复习过关检测、模拟试卷。既系统地巩固学生的基础知识,又有针对性地提高学生的应试能力

6.乐于奉献,无偿为学生补差。英语短腿科目的学生较多,为了补短提优,几乎每个老师都能利用课余时间和英语差生谈心,激发他们的学英语的积极性和自信心,同时指导学法,解答疑难。所有老师都做到为学生面批试卷,把补差落实到实处,减少了英语学科短腿的落榜生。

反思与借鉴:

既要注重团体协作,又要注重鼓励个体冒尖年级学科教学是一个整体,又是一个个体。作为年级的整体学科教学,每个教师应服从集体的正确安排,并团结一致,形成合力;作为个体,是教师实施课堂教学的个案活动,可以展示其个性特征和个体创造性。两者应相辅相成,有了团结协作的教师群体和富有创造性的教师个体,这个集体才能形成你追我赶、见贤思齐的动力,才能走上共同进步的道路。

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